Sales function for a company with foreign sales operation Assignment

Sales function for a company with foreign sales operation - Assignment Example For some time some women thought that by using tampon they will lose their virginity that led them to prefer pads over tampon (James, &Anthony, 2004). The new aggressive advertisements measures are part of high competitive campaigns to help penetrate the overseas market where religious and cultural issues prove to be a barrier. The risk associated with rolling out a single product in global market proved to be too high hence it was acquired by PROCTOR & GAMBLE. Tambrands has become part of P&G which has wide marketing and distribution capabilities. P&G Company has expanded over the recent years by procuring products and marketing the products globally. P&G had a good market reach which includes even third world countries. P&G has always spearheaded the use new media both radio and television as way advertising, in continuation P&G has stepped up its internet activities in the web to promote their products and they have launched a website that provides teenage girls with information about relationship and puberty(James, &Anthony,2004). In areas where the internet is not readily available i.e. sub Saharan Africa a personal approach has been applied by P&G. Working jointly with others like Always, P&G drives fundraiser for the united nations association for the campaign of ‘protecting future’ .a program designed to improve the African girl child

Jealousy in the book of Genesis Essay Example for Free

Jealousy in the book of Genesis Essay The first book of the Pentateuch is rife with Jealousy. It seems a peculiar obsession of those writing in the Lord’s name. After all, such sins as murder, adultery and slothfulness seem so much more damaging to our communities and our selves. Why are the jade eyes of jealously given so much attention in the bible’s leadoff book, especially in the story of the second and third men, Cain and his brother Abel. I suspect that jealousy, being a universal human emotion, one which human beings so easily find themselves sinking into, and one which is so obviously coarse and negative, inspired the writers of the bible to bring attention to it’s dangers very early on in their text. Although the instances of jealousy found in the later narratives of Genesis, perhaps those of Noah and Abraham, present more nuanced and complex manifestations of this all too human frailty, the visceral nature of Cain’s crime and the ambiguity of his atonement must first be addressed, as well as the fundamental differences between jealousy among men and man’s jealousy of God. Cain is assigned to be the â€Å"tiller of the ground† (Genesis 4:2 – NKJV) in the garden of Eden. Abel, his younger brother, the second son of Adam and Eve, was given the more genteel task of tending to flocks of sheep. Both made offerings to the Lord, Cain in the form of the â€Å"fruit of the ground† (Genesis 4:3) and Abel â€Å"the firstborn of their flock and his fat† (Genesis 4:4) which God respected. However the next verse, 4:5, reveals that God did not respect Cain’s offering. Why? The Biblical writers, men knowing nothing at all of God’s motivations (not to mention his existence), don’t feel the need to indulge us with God’s motives or criteria for respecting an offering. We do know that he took unkindly to Cain’s â€Å"countenance†, which â€Å"fell† following his rejection. One could easily see how being rejected by God, who hints at some criteria when he says in 4:7 â€Å"If you do well, will you not be accepted? And if you do not do well, sin lies at your door. And its desire is for you, but you should rule over it. † Of course, in the very next verse, Cain, after a brief conversation with his brother of which we are told nothing about, kills Abel. Sin came to his door, in the form of jealousy toward his brother and he acted upon it in the most despicable way possible. The biblical writers are trying to dramatize an emotion and its consequences as effectively as possible. Did Cain feel that his offering was superior to his brothers and that he being unfairly judged by God? That God would not accept his offering, regardless of the quality of his fruit? Without more detail, it’s hard to erect any sort of value judgment, within the Christian Lexicon, on the matter of Cain and Abel. God seems a little overbearing and perhaps bears more than a small share of the guilt for Cain’s jealousy. If Cain had toiled that barren mid-eastern soil simply to praise God, rose day and night for his Lord’s glory, than was it perhaps a bit insensitive on the Lord’s part to reject him. Had Abel provoked Cain in any other way? What did they talk about that faithful day? In what language could they have spoken? As you can see, the first instance of jealousy in the Biblical text leaves more stones unturned and more questions unanswered than not. The story of Cain and Abel illuminates the first instance of intra-human jealousy. From the very beginning however, man was jealous of God. God creates man in his own image and makes him humble and stupid. Adam and Eve we’re simply to be in the Garden, lord of the Earth’s other creatures and stay out of God’s affairs, those that concern the moral and scientific complexities of the world. For as God puts it in Genesis 2:16-17, â€Å"Of every tree of the Garden you may freely eat; but of the tree of knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat, for in the day that you eat of it you shall surely die. † Later, after man as created Eve, verse 2:25 exclaims â€Å"And they were both naked, the man and his wife, and were not ashamed. † A surface reading suggests that man was meant for to remain in a pure, infantile state. Before man erected society, technology or democracy, man was designed to remain pure of the complexities of morality. Yet Adam and Eve, given the free will God had granted them and a base awareness of good and evil, ironically because of God’s edict to stay far away from the tree which allows one knowledge of such matters, had the ability to choose such knowledge, and with a little persuasion from the villainous serpent, they did. Surely the ways of God are mysterious, but why would he set up man with a series of bizarrely attractive ways to subvert his intentions for their well-being? Eve makes a series of evaluative judgments upon the fruit from the tree of knowledge of good and evil when she thinks to herself in verse 3:6 â€Å"So when the woman saw the tree was good for food, that it was pleasant to the eyes, and a tree desirable to make one wise, She took of the fruit and ate. She also gave to her husband, and he ate. † Was God setting up Adam and Eve for the fall when he created the tree in the first place? Hoew else to explain an omnipotent God who willfully creates beings who we’re, despite their naivete, are capable of learning and seeing the virtues of something which their creator had made arbitrarily off limits while simultaneously placing being in their midst whose whole obligation is to tempt them? Certainly the rest of the Biblical narrative depends on the jealousy inspired fall – without it, the rest of the story, which culminates with Jesus sacrificing himself for man’s sins and thus offering him redemption, several thousand year before the Earth is destroyed during Jesus’ rapturous return, could not have been constructed by the Biblical writers. Perhaps, if it is out their God wanted to fall. It is simply man’s innocent jealousy, of God’s wisdom and goodness and perhaps his power to arbitrarily, without fear of reprisal or retribution, horde power over his creations, which drove Eve to follow the serpent’s instructions. The instinct to want what others have is as old as man. Surely the omnipotent clockmaker deity that the early enlightenment era Europeans constructed out of King James’ text was aware of this opposition he was creating. It is, after all, just another part of God’s grand design. Bibliography The Holy Bible, New King James Version, Thomas Nelson Bibles, 1982.

What Is Rdbms Ordbms And Oodbms Information Technology Essay

What Is Rdbms Ordbms And Oodbms Information Technology Essay A set of computer programs which controls the formation, preservation, and the use of database with computer as a platform is called a database management system (DBMS). The control of organization-wide database development in the hands of database administrators (DBAs) is permitted by the database management system. It helps the use of integrated collection of data and files and also easily permits the access of the same database to different user application programs. The database models like network model or relational model can be used by the DBMS. Another feature of the DBMS is allows users and other software to store and get back data in a structured way in large systems. The users can write simple question in query language to retrieve information instead of writing computer programs. Fourth-generation programming language (4GLs) and other application development features provided by DBMS are very helpful to specify the logical organization for database and access and use the information within a database. Relational Data Base Management System (RDBMS) The abbreviation form of Relational Data Base Management System is RDBMS. The structure of RDBMS is database tables, fields and records. Each RDBMS table consists of database table rows and each database table row consists of one or more database table fields. RDBMS is used by main frame, midrange and microcomputers. MS SQL Server, DB2, Oracle and MySQL are the most popular RDBMS. The data are stored in the form of tables which might be related by common fields. The data stored in the database table are manipulated by the rational operators given by RDBMS. SQL is the database query language in most RDBMS. Why RDBMS? We will use the terms tables and relations interchangeably. In a RDBMS, the data is logically perceived as tables. _ Tables are in logical data structures that we assume hold the data that the database intends to represents _ And tables are not physical structures. _ Each table have a unique table name There are advantages and as well as disadvantages in the RDBMS. The advantages of RDBMS are Fast and easy to pop out data as relation among entities is well defined More secure and normalization Problems are avoided when two things are processed at the same time data can be managed in proper manner Accuracy The disadvantages on the other hand are A professional is needed to deal with Proper training is required Need software and hard ware The model is not easy to the end user to run quires Object Relational Database Management System (ORDBMS) The object relational database management system is known as a database management system which is alike to a relational database, but with an object oriented database model. This system supports classes, objects and inheritance directly in database schemas and in the query language. Besides, extension of the data model with custom data type and methods are supported by ORDBMS. The well-organized management from a limited set of data types is focused in traditional RDBMS but object relational DBMS on the other hand permits web sites development experts to join their own data types and methods. Advantages of ORDBMS: Large storage capacity is ensured in Object Relational Database Management Systems which benefits for the web based development. Reasonably quick access speed Massive scalability of ORDBMS is beneficial. Outstanding manipulation power of object databases is boasted in ORDBMS APIs and server subsystems are added to support object functionality. The database engine is completely redesigned A new object-oriented layer is added to support rich data types Disadvantages of ORDBMS ORDMBS fails in High speed internet applications. The IDC opines that the ORDBMS market has the possibility to exceed the size of ODBMS in the next two years time in web based development Object Oriented Database Management system (OODBMS) Object Oriented Database Management system is the most excellent alternative to resolve impedance mismatch causing in the use of Relational Database Management System as objects have to be mapped to table. Database management is combined with object oriented programming concepts by the object oriented database management system. The principles of database management such as isolation, durability, consistency and atomicity and the object oriented programming concepts consist of of inheritance, encapsulation and polymorphism. The mixture of these ideas permits easiness in the management of large number of data, results in system reliability and guarantees support for query languages. Therefore, from the description given above it can be concluded that an OODBMS is not only a database management system but also a complete object oriented development setting. Software development companies use OODBMS as an alternative because it follows intelligibility while objects are accessed in the database. The Main objective of the OODBMS is to give consistent, data independent, secure, controlled and extensible data management services to support the object-oriented model. They were created to handle big and complex data that relational databases could not. The most main characteristic is the joining of object-oriented programming with database technology, which provides an integrated application development system. Object-oriented programming results in 4 main characteristics: inheritances, data encapsulation, object identity, and polymorphism. Object Identity, Object Structure, and Type Constructors Object Identity An OO database system provides a unique identity to each independent object stored in the database. This unique identity is typically implemented via a unique, system-generated object identifier (OID). The OID cab is assigned to program variables of the appropriate type when needed. The main property required of an OID is that it be immutable; that is, the OID value of a particular object should not change. This preserves the identity of the real-world object being represented. Merits of OODBMS over RDBMS The impedance mismatch is completely cancelled out in OODBMS and on the other hand in a relational database system a problem is always faced by a custom software development company. There was lot of wastage of time in RDBMS while objects had to be mapped with tables and the table mapped with objects. In the RDBMS, problems have to be faced by the users when identifying the records and they have to make sure that no two records have the same primary key. In the OODBMS this problem is completely avoided by its unique OIDs. OODBMS can deal with complex data than RDBMS as in ODBMS, a large class able to hold lot of intermediate sized classes, which can keep even more medium sized classes. The database management system maintains the connection between objects and the constraints on objects in an object oriented database, which means, the objects themselves. They permit support of complex application which is not supported by the other models. The programmability and performance, improve navigational access, and simplify concurrency control are improved by the object oriented database. The risks linked with the referential integrity are reduced in OODBMS and it gives an enhanced user metaphor than the relational model. Object oriented database can store both complex component and large structure. The large objects in object oriented database do not need to be broken apart and reassemble by application. Therefore object oriented data base do not suffer performance degradation. RDBMS does not allow the nested structure. These category of applications widely found in CAD/CAE, aerospace, etc. But these applications are easily supported in OODBMS. Besides, it is better to deal with the complex structure in the form of objects rather than table, tuples and records in RDBMS. Limited numbers of data types such as integer and string and limited number of built in operations are available in the relational database management system. This database management system is suitable for simple and few number of data types. The OODBMS on the other hand are appropriate for application where the relationships among elements in the database carry the key information. Conclusion According to the report we can takes some con-clusions regarding RDBMS and OODBMS: †¢ Relational databases have as their objective to ensure data independence ie> Normalized data is separated from processing and the processing corresponding to satisfy-ing informational requirements need not be totally pre-defined, thus accepting ad-hoc re-quirements too. †¢ Object oriented databases have as their main objective encapsulation, being stored together with the data and the methods. They are inseparable. It is said that we have to do with an independence of classes and not with an independence of data. †¢ An OODBMS and not an RDBMS is needed while in the reference applications we have to do with complex data. †¢ The object oriented database mar-kets will continue to develop, but they will still (represent) only a fraction of the traditional databases. †¢ It is appreciated that RDMSs hold the largest part of the largest part of the data-bases. But the prospect is that they will still co-exist for a long time future with the OODBS. ORDBMS complicates database design due to its new richness. There are more alternative designs that can be used to represent a particular situation, and it is not always obvious which to pick. Unthinkingly applying some of these features, such as the COLLECTION columns, create problems.

Telecommunications Essay examples -- essays research papers

What is Telecommunications?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Telecommunications enables people around the world to contact one another, to access information instantly, and to communicate from remote areas. It usually involves a sender and one or more recipients linked by a technology, such as a telephone system, or computer network (LANs or WANs), that transmits information from one place to another. Devices used for telecommunications can convert different types of information, such as sound and video, into electronic signals. These signals then can be transmitted to different types of media such as telephone wires, or radio waves. Once the signal reaches its destination it then gets converted back into an understandable message, such as the sound on a telephone, video on a television screen, or pictures on a computer monitor, Telecommunications also allows to send and receive personal messages across town, between countries, and to and from outer space. It also provides the key medium for news, data, information and ente rtainment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Telecommunication messages can be sent in a variety of ways, and by a wide range of devices (radios, televisions, telephones, computers, etc.). They can be sent from one sender to a single receiver (point-to-point) or to many receivers (point-to-multipoint). Point-to-point transmission usually involves telephone conversations or a facsimile (fax) message. Point-to-multipoint transmissions (also called broadcasts), provide the basis for commercial radio and television programming.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most personal computers communicate with each other and with larger networks, such as the internet, by using the ordinary telephone line. Since the telephone network functions by converting sound into electronic signals, the computer must first convert its digital data into sound. They do this with a device called a modem, which is short for modulator/demodulator. A modem converts a stream of 1s and 0s from a computer into an analog signal that can be transported over a telephone network. The modem of the receiving computer demodulates the analog signal back into a digital form that the computer can understand. The internet can also be accessed by higher speed sources, such as cable, DSL and ISDN.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Telecommunications systems deliver messages using a number of dif... ... they need to be in, or may have several errors contained in them.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Routers – Connect network segments and intelligently direct data. They are used to connect LANs to WANs. It operates at the network layer of the OSI model. The strength of a router lies in its intelligence, they can determine the shortest fastest path between nodes. The internet relies on millions of routers around the world.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Switches – Subdivide a network into smaller logical pieces. Operates from the Data Link layer of the OSI model. By having multiple ports, they can make better use of limited bandwidth and prove more cost efficient then bridges. Each port on the switch acts like a bridge, and each device connected to a switch effectively receives its own dedicated channel. In other words, a switch can turn a shared channel into several channels.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Network Operating Systems – A special system software designed to manage data and other resources on a server for a number of clients. Network operating systems also provide the ability to manage network security, network users and groups, protocols, and networked applications.

Breathing Rate

Breathing into a wrapping tube that’s quite long will most likely have the same effect as when breathing through a paper bag, a practice most commonly associated with trying to relieve hyperventilation. Although the wrapping tube is open at the other end and will not totally hamper breathing, it seems long enough to contain the carbon dioxide that the child exhales so that when the child inhales again he will probably breathe in a considerable portion of the carbon dioxide that he breathed out earlier. Naturally, this would lead to an increased amount of this gas in the lungs and in the blood.Although what our body utilizes in the production of energy is oxygen, it is the carbon dioxide levels which the brain monitors, so that when it falls below or rises above its normal level, the brain sends signals to the body to regulate breathing correspondingly. This is irregardless of the oxygen levels, i. e. the amount of oxygen in the blood might stay at normal levels but if the amou nt of carbon dioxide fluctuates, the body will alter the breathing or respiration rate accordingly (Science Museum of Minnesota).As the child breathes repeatedly into the wrapping tube, an increase in carbon dioxide levels in the blood will tell his brain that his body needs to take in more oxygen so that the normal carbon dioxide-oxygen balance is restored. This will therefore lead to an increase in the respiration rate so that more oxygen can be taken in. However, if the child goes on breathing through the tube, then he will continuously inhale air which has more carbon dioxide and he will be at risk for more serious physiological effects (e. g. headaches, dizziness) as the carbon dioxide levels in his blood continues to rise (Smith).This is the reason why there are arguments against the use of the â€Å"paper bag technique† to alleviate hyperventilation. For mild cases, breathing into a paper bag may help counter hyperventilation since doing so will increase the carbon dio xide levels just enough to induce the appropriate breathing rate that will restore the carbon dioxide-oxygen balance in the body. However, it is not advisable to breathe continuously into a paper bag (Youngerman-Cole) since, as with the case of prolonged breathing into a wrapping tube, the inhaled carbon dioxide levels may reach levels that are high enough to cause serious physiological effects.Works Cited: Science Museum of Minnesota. Habits of the Heart : Ins and Outs of Respiration. 2000. 5 Mar. 2008 . Smith, Garry K. Nucleo De Espeleologia De Condeixa: CARBON DIOXIDE, CAVES and YOU. 1997. 5 Mar. 2008 . Youngerman-Cole, Sydney . CIGNA : Hyperventilation. 21 Nov. 2006. 6 Mar. 2008 .

Personality Analysis Instrument

Personality Analysis Instrument Myers-Briggs Type Indicator The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a personality assessment instrument that is used to measure the decisions that affect their day to day activities that they are engaged in their lives (UMI, 2001). It is a questionnaire that detects the psychological preference on how people behave and make key decisions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Personality Analysis Instrument specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These preferences were borrowed from the theories formulated by Carl Gustav Jung in his book, Psychological Types, published in the year 1921 (Derreck, 2011). Using these theories, the personality inventory was developed by Myers Briggs and her mother, Cook Briggs after the Second World War. They developed this personality assessment tool as an aid to help women find war-jobs which they were comfortable with during and after the Second World War. In 1962, the original questionnaire was made and mainly focused on normal populations and the differences that naturally occur within this group. There has been a lot of debate on the validity of MBTI as a psychometric tool. This is due to the fact that the available statistics do not support the method as one of the most effective personality assessment tools in the world. More than one third of the studies which have been conducted concerning MBTI have either been presented in psychological conferences or published in peer reviewed journals and magazines of psychology. In most cases, the results do not have a practical application in the society. This is because limited number of studies has been conducted to show its applicability to the public. As a result, many scholars have stated that the method should undergo a lot of scrutiny for it to be valid. The method has failed to come up with the expected outcomes which researchers hoped for. For example, the results of most studies have bimodal distribution with peaks be ing displayed at the sides of the graph; contrary to what scientists were expecting. For the study to be reliable, it should have a central peak with both sides being even. This therefore classifies one side of the peak as one type and the other side of the peak another type.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another factor that affects the validity of MBTI is the level of honesty received from the respondents. This method mainly relies on self reporting honesty from respondents. Although the questions are designed to minimize the chances of dishonesty from the respondents, the measures which have been put in place are not reliable. As a result, respondents may find it easy to give out false information which affects the outcome of the study and its validity and effectiveness in overall. Other personality measurement methods have a validity scale that detects exaggerated or f alse information from respondents. Others like the Personality Assessment Inventory has incorporated the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire lie scale that can detect the presence and level of lies from respondents (UMI, 2011). Despite the criticisms that this method is facing, other scientists have find it to be quite reliable and applicable in several situations. A study that was conducted about MBTI revealed that the methods dichotomies show a good split-half validity and reliability (UMI, 2011). The level of correlation between studies that are conducted over a given period of time is also high. This therefore proves that the study can be relied on in a number of situations. In terms of cultural utility, Myers found that the proportion of people with different personalities varied depending on the professional courses which the tool or the careers which they are pursuing. However, examining each type of MBTI in varying professions, scientists have discovered that the proportion of each type in every population is relatively similar, thus showing some level of similarity among the different professions. Some researchers attribute this relatedness to the level of job satisfaction that is enjoyed by individuals of different professions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Personality Analysis Instrument specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Rorschach Test This is a psychological test in where the subjects perceptions are recorded using inkblot (Brittany, 2011). The interpretations and analysis of these results are done using psychological methods that are derived from complex scientific algorithms. This method is mainly used by scientist to determine the characteristics, emotions and behavior of individuals. The test is designed to detect underlying thought disorder. This therefore ensures that it can detect lies and formulate theories that ensure that the information which the subject is giving is true . As a result, this method of personal assessment is more reliable than MBTI. The test was named after the person who found it; Herman Rorschach, a Swiss psychologist. It finds a lot of application in projective tests especially during the 1960s. During that time, it was ranked 8th among all the personal assessment tests that were being administered to mental patients in U.S. mental hospitals. Consequently, it is the second widely used tests by the Society of personality Assessment and is always prescribed in over 25% of forensic cases in the U.S that mainly involve forensic battery (Brittany, 2011). A survey that was conducted in the United States revealed that the test is used from as low as 20% by correctional psychologists to a high of 80% by clinical psychologists and psychologist graduates t assess the personality of individuals (Brittany, 2011). However, when the results of the tests are ranked as a projective test, their verifiability is very poor. To address this, the Exner System of Scoring was developed in the 1960s and has been in operation since then. Pyscholgosts claimed that the this system of scoring has undergone a lot of scrutiny and research to ensure that scores results that arise from the study are reliable and verifiable. It makes use of every factor, whether it is a color, shape or outline that is produce by the inkblot with regards to the subjects comments that have been put to the test. Despite all this, some scientists still refute the outcome of this test system. The Exner system uses a rigorous scoring system to give out its results which is disagreed most of the time by scientists as being ineffective.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They still view the latitude scoring system as the best method to interpret the results from. Also, the clinical write up of the results varies a lot as it depends on the individuality of the psychologists who makes it. It is therefore subjected to a lot of individuality and biasness. However, there is some element of reliability of the results that have been collected from several studies. These results show a lot of generalizations, reliability and similarity when their scores are considered. The R scale is a good example that shows the total number of responses intelligent people tend to have the same results on pathology scales. This is due to the fact that many scales do not correct for a high R. thus, if a subject gives double responses in total, there is a high chance that these results will seem to be somewhat pathological. Other scales that are correlated with intelligence include: organization activity, quality of forms, human figure responses and organizational activities (Squidoo, 2010). The reliability of these scales have made this method to be used to detect conditions like schizophrenia, thought disorders and other disorders that affect the personality of individuals. Due to its success, Rorschach test has been very reliable and widely applicable in psychology. The reliability of the tests also depends on the testing procedure that has been established between the tester and the subject. During the session, the tester ensures that the subject is comfortable. He makes sure that the sitting arrangement, the manner in which he introduces the session, verbal and nonverbal responses of the subject and how his/her responses are recorded are in the most convenient way to ensure that the subject is at ease and develops trust for the tester. This increases the chances of the subject giving out relevant and true information for the study, making the results to be very reliable. With these results, it is easier for the tester to determine the personality of the subject without a lot of difficulties. Self-Help Books This is a complex development that aims at improving a number of factors that affect and determine the status and personality of an individual (UMI, 2011). These factors include: talents and potentials of an individual, awareness and identity and enhancement of quality of life and the development and realization of dreams and aspirations. They act as motivators that make life to be worth living. Without them, an individual may develop an attitude which might kill his desire to live. It is therefore important for individuals to have these factors so that they can achieve the goals and objectives which they desire in life. This concept therefore includes formal and informal methods and procedures which aim at developing an individual. Self-help books involve practice and research. In practice, they incorporate methods that assist in personal developments, systems for assessment, and learning programmes tools and techniques. In research, they utilize the topics and issues that are found on peer reviewed psychological and other scientific journals, higher education reviews, business publications and so on. In any form of development, there has to be indicator that shows whether change has taken place or not. Unlike other personal assessment instruments, the subject of the study is the one who assesses himself in the course of the programme. However, there is a standard criterion that has to be followed so that the results that are obtained become more reliable and free from bias. The personal development frameworks should include goals and objectives that have been set by the subject, the strategies which the subject will use to achieve them and means of measuring progress, levels that define the stages of development along the path of achieving goals or objectives and finally a means through which one can report the changes that have occurred in the course of development and assessment. Like other asse ssment instruments that have been discussed, the validity of self-help books has a lot of criticisms. The fact that an individual is the one who assesses his/her development has raised a lot of questions on the reliability of the results. Scientist and other academicians view this to be a weak point to the instrument because it is difficult for someone to monitor his/her development especially in subjective studies like personal assessment. Most people lack the discipline and character to adhere to the rules and regulations that should be followed. Lack of supervision and guidance thus makes the situation to become even worse. The method has been applicable in several studies that have been conducted by psychologist, scientists and even individuals. Due to its simplicity, the method has found a lot of application by individual of all ages from all around the world. However, the instrument has mainly been used in America and Asia. This instrument originated from ancient religions in the Middle East and Asia such as Hinduism and Abrahamic religions and includes practices such as prayer, fasting, meditation, dancing, singing and sports and so on (UMI, 2011). Due to its openness, it has found a lot of applicability in many cultures all around the world. People have adapted this instrument to develop and improve their personalities so that they can stand a better chance of achieving their desires in life. This method has been used to develop personalities of individuals in different places and situations. It has been used to improve the personality of individuals at work places so that the employees can work together as a team and achieve the goals and objectives of the organization. It has also been used to develop the personality of an individual according to religion or spirituality. Individuals who utilize this method want to achieve desirable characters, behaviors and emotions which will make them to be more successful in life. References Brittany, M. (2011). Demystifying the Rorschach Inkblot Test. Helping Psychology. Web. Derreck, M. (2011). Personality Theories, Types and Tests. Businessballs.com. Web. Squidoo. (2010). Rorschach Inkblots. Squidoo.com. Web. UMI. (2001). Dissertation abstracts international: The humanities and social sciences.  London: University Microfilms International.

Thinking Problem solving and Team building

Thinking Problem solving and Team building Introduction Working in one of the industries that fall in the category of health sector is all what I wanted and demanded since childhood, however, my passionate and interests were not directed to specific institution or organization as I went through the primary course of education.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Thinking Problem solving and Team building specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despise lack of specificity in these earlier years of career building; I did not wave from looking forward to the establishing of the future professional foundation in the field of health service provision, as it was evidently affirmed by the exceptional performance in mathematics and science subjects. Therefore, it was not a surprise in my life to find graduating with a higher diploma in engineering pharmacy, which resulted after a compacted 17 years of study. Having set high goals in my career and professional development, I fel t that graduating from the higher learning institution acted as a mark of one the major achievements in life, while it still meant a lot in the transition of my life. As a matter of fact, I didn’t want to procrastinate in getting myself within the job systems, and being driven by enthusiasm and ambition to practice all that I had gained from academic work, I relentlessly made applications to all those potential companies which I believed could offer or were having an opportunity for a pharmaceutical engineer, beside considering their ability to offering a good working environment to the entire company’s labor force. After trying severally in sending applications to a number of such organizations of interest, some corresponded by sending regrets, other kept dumb-mute without replying, while a few called for an interview in which I would fail some, while others we disagreed in terms of package remuneration and other benefits. Though the whole hassle for a job was not eas e, fraught of confounding situations as expressed above, this circumstance was a short lived one, as XYZ pharmaceutical company soon accepted me by we agreeing to the terms and conditions for each other, thus entering into the first contract. Overview of the job environment The accomplishment of the job deal gave a new feel to both us. Being the first one, it meant a lot in my side, especially in gaining enormous experience while making the organizations operations to run smoothly through the services that I promised to offer. In signing the contract with the XYZ pharmaceutical company, I agreed to delivery my services in a number of ways.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More First and foremost, as a person endowed with the knowledge and a little bit of experience in offering engineering services for a range of pharmaceutical machines and equipments, it was my obligatio n to ensure that all pharmaceutical packaging machines of the organization were in proper working conditions. This appeared to be the major responsibility that was given to me by the organization, which I did wholeheartedly. Here, I worked closely and concentrated more in dispensing my engineering services by servicing the packaging machines. Though being new in the field, I did find or encounter much difficulty in delivering in this particular task. I think and believe that this was because I had wide knowledge in the field of work and some clues or hints gained through experimental work that I did in the course of schooling. In addition also I felt attracted to working in this place as it demanded little movements from one place to another. However, the little movements wasn’t an advantage because I did not like walking, but understand that long resting is a thing which I have hated in my life, for it encourages laziness, and bring a lot of problems to humans especially tho se non-infectious diseases such as obesity and edema. On the contrary way of thinking, I held less movement as an added advantage in the workplace for somebody new in job tasks, more so in a high and sensitive position concerned with assurance and control of quality of the company’s products. While understanding the related effects and consequences of producing products of poor quality for the organizations, I took the cutting down of movements within the organization and working from a single place as a way that led to sparing of some extra time for my personal-work related activities. In order to ensure that there was maintenance and enhancement of quality products within the manufacturing and production of goods in the organizations, I at first utilized the extra time diligently and serious working on those areas which I knew posed considerable difficulties in understanding them during the course of study. Moreover, this spared time was also of significance importance as i t also gave me the chance to familiarize myself with many things involved in a real workplace environment, including tenets and regulations that applied to the company’s employees at different circumstances. Within a very short working period after signing my employment contract with the company, it was evident that I had gained adequate knowledge and experience to service and work on any machine particularly any of the packaging type of machine. Thus, there was a more gain of interest in deliberating on my tasks of machine repairing, which triggered the need of moving from being so much specialized on one working point station to a more general one.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Thinking Problem solving and Team building specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More So, I sometime moved around the organization’s departments looking if there were any of the familiar machines that had broken down to service it. Fo r that matter, a part from serving as chief machine repairer for the major packaging machine of the organization, I also went on attending to several other small machines and equipments which were being used within the organization to accomplish various other packaging tasks. Truly, it was not to my surprise that every time I tried to get a tour within the various departments dealing with such related machine, I found several of them had broken down depicting that the way the company might have been suffering and incurring a lot of losses due to the issue of machine failure. Revelation of Problems The service that I offered to the XYZ pharmaceutical company appeared to be in higher demand than the company’s managerial team and I could have perceived before. The decision to move around in search for the broken packaging equipments and miniature machines led to the realization that the broken machines to be serviced were more than what the chief company machine supervisor, whom was one of my interviewers had understood or revealed. Though I was busy in most of the time working hard to cope with the tight time working conditions of the company, there were also some hours for break, lunch and some leisure which were created officially for renewal of energy in our body. As most of the workers did not get out of their working stations during breaks and lunch hour periods, I planned spending part of these hours for social purpose. Despite the fear of being a new employee in the company, I pretended that I was looking for those broken down packaging machine, and this worked to the best of attaining the hidden intentions. It sometimes appeared to me that I was bothering a few of the workers when I stepped in their stations or offices, especially those who were work overloaded, and wanted to recover or catch up with time certainly for deadlines that were nigh.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, I used the gained communication skills to get over the barrier of making friendships; thus, we found it necessary to share a little bit of our past even if it meant a mere simple and short introduction which included just our names and the kind of job or position each of us was doing for the organization. The decision to pay visits to the many offices and work stations had a double to triple fruitfulness. That is, when I shared with most of the colleagues of the kind of job and professional area of my specialization, almost eight five percent of them showed interest and requested for my assistance. There were those who wanted me to service and repair simple equipments, while others needed me to work on certain machines which looked to be complex machines to them such a photocopiers, printers and to some extend computer categories, depending on the office they held. I tried all that I can to repair those with simple problems according to my knowledge and experience, while av oiding to disappoint my new colleagues and allies by giving assured appointments for the complicated problems. The overall results showed that the organization had suffered a lot in several ways other than just having their machine broken down. While many of the corporation’s machines were non-functioning or having problems that were generally not reported, it depicted that there was an overall problem of communication barriers among individuals and departments whose works were core to the contributions of the company’s production and efficiencies. The matter became evident when I volunteered to work and assist the company on having a routinely weekly repair for the installed machines. It was a tiresome tasks resulting from immeasurable movements, that is, moving from office to office within a department and more so from one department to another. This not only counted towards wastage of one’s energy, but it also led to a lot of time wastage on collecting the re pair information requests from the different notice boxes which were not strategically located in the various departments. Furthermore, the manual system of receiving the documents took me long time to draft and enter the data to my storage records for future reference, scheduling and any other need that might arise in the course of the business operation. Due to the use of manual data and information system within the organization, much of the work remained undone leading to the company lagging behind in most of their operations. With this kind of system being in place, the supply, accounting and the store departments were greatly affected as they could not keep complete, compiled information without having received the data and information in time. Seeing the vaguely system and hardship that the organization was going through, I did not hesitate in proposing of new communication methodology. The sense was overt to every member of the organization and within four months of my emplo yment in the organization, plans instilled through a collaborative approach of departmental staffs and junior employees were underway towards the introduction of new project on information technology, primarily aimed at off setting the problem of data and information transfers in their communications. The inclusions of all parties in the proposing and introducing the programs was of paramount significance in assuring that not body had to be affected by the employment of the new technology. According to me, this establish trust and confidence among member parties, while at the same time showing concern and care for each others’ future and welfare, thus, paving the way for speedy implementation of the project. Team building On critical assess of the organizations, it appeared that they were several issues that needed to be resolved within the organization. Following group and employee’s discussions among themselves and negotiations with the managerial team, it was discov ered that most of the employees required knowing more than just simple single issue their area of operations. For instance, it was suggested that machine operators should get to know a bit of simple repair methods, while secretaries were to gain to some extend the knowledge and experience on managerial professions so as to make the company operate efficiently and perform excellently. For the purpose of accomplishing this goal, the involved parties negotiated for the best way to learn the new skills, however with limited time available for the management team to offer its employees as a way of motivating them, the parties finally decided to create sacrificial extra time for them to learn and get acquainted with the new skills. In departmental groups, each of them established their leaders and through closely working relationship with volunteer senior managerial team formed by person whom had already acquired the knowledge and skills needed in the specific groups, they kicked off on a serious training sessions that would transform the organization in a number of ways. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be stated that problems are always there in organizations, and sometime this exist even without being noticed by the seniors and company executives. This situation was not quite different for the XYZ pharmaceutical company, which believed that the only problem they had was only concerned with repairing of packaging machines. However, the establishment and building of a team is a critical to solving many problems existing in organization, including even those hidden problems that derail the delivery of services and/or productions of products. As I reflect on my case, I become convinced and confident that anybody holding any position in an organization can bring a lot of transformational changes directly and indirectly through establishment/building of a team, as long as the party possesses the necessary skills and knowledge needed.